In APA, the citation of a direct quote not only includes the author and date, but also the page reference. People from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other (Morris, 1977). Note that you have to cite the source here even though you are not using a direct quote. Put the name of the author and date of publication whenever you paraphrase material. The signal phrase allows you to:ĭesmond Morris (1977) notes that people from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other. You can introduce the material being cited with a signal phrase that includes the author's name. Citations of Paraphrases Author Named in a Signal Phrase The exception is when you have more than one work by the same author. If you refer to a work more than once in a paragraph, give the author name and date at first mention and then give only the name after that. Otherwise, put this information into parentheses. You can often incorporate the relevant name, and sometimes the year, into your sentence. Low priced Netbooks are gaining market share because of relatively cheap Internet access capable of downloading large files the wealth of Internet based applications and ability for files to be created, produced, stored, and administered on Internet hosted sites (Fontana & Montalbano, 2008).The APA's in-text citations identify a source by a name (usually an author name) and a year (for print sources, usually the copyright year). John Fontana and Elizabeth Montalbano (2008) noted that low priced Netbooks are gaining share because of the relatively cheap Internet access capable of downloading large files the wealth of Internet based applications and ability for files to be created, produced, stored, and administered on Internet hosted sites.Įxample with Author At End, No Page Number Page numbers are encouraged but optional.Įxample with Author At Beginning, No Page Number Paraphrasing is used most often to explain technical jargon or difficult-to-understand information in terms the reader can easily understand.įor paraphrasing, the APA requires you to include the author's last name and year of publication. It is typically as long as the original quotation. 12).Ī paraphrase is a way to represent an idea from a source in your own words. ![]() "The market for these low-cost machines is being driven by inexpensive bandwidth the growth of services and cloud computing and cloud-based processing, storage, management, and associated IT services” (Fontana & Montalbano, 2008, p. 12).Įxample of In-Text Citing with Author After Quotation John Fontana and Elizabeth Montalbano (2008) pointed out, “the market for these low-cost machines is being driven by inexpensive bandwidth the growth of services and cloud computing and cloud-based processing, storage, management and associated IT services” (p. ![]() 4).Įxample of In-Text Citing with Author Before Quotation Count the paragraphs manually if they are not numbered. Note: If no page numbers are available (ex: website), use a paragraph number instead. ![]() If your quote is 40 words or longer, use a block quote. Include the author's last name and date of publication as well as page numbers if available. The quote is enclosed in quotation marks. ![]() A direct quote is a word-for-word copy of source material.
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